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BEE 2018 Question Paper with Answers — Paper-1

General Aspects of Energy Management & Energy Audit
Available here with full solutions — 47 questions recovered from the 2018 exam:
Objective (1 mark)47 of 50
Short (5 marks)0 of 8
Long (10 marks)0 of 6
This is not the complete paper. The questions below are the ones we could recover and verify; the rest of that year’s paper is not reproduced here. Every answer shown is checked against the 2014 BEE guidebook and carries its book section reference and an explanation.

Full paper pattern: Section-I 50×1 = 50 marks · Section-II 8×5 = 40 · Section-III 6×10 = 60 · Total 150, pass mark 75, 3 hours.
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Other years

Objective questions (1 mark) — 47

📖 §7.3 Financial Analysis Techniques — Time Value of Money

1. Which of the following equation is used to calculate the future value of the cash flow?

  1. NPV (1 – i)n
  2. NPV / (1 – i)n
  3. NPV (1 + i)n
  4. NPV/ (1 + i)n
Answer: C) NPV (1 + i)n
Confirmed vs Book-1 §7.3 — Book relation: FV = NPV (1 + i)^n, and inversely NPV = FV / (1 + i)^n. Future value therefore requires COMPOUNDING at (1 + i)^n, e.g. Rs.100 at 10% becomes Rs.110 after one year.
Chapter: Financial Management
📖 §11.1 Concept of New and Renewable Energy (Concept of renewable energy)

2. Which among the following is not a renewable source of energy?

  1. Bagasse
  2. Rice husk
  3. Nuclear
  4. Wind
Answer: C) Nuclear
Confirmed vs Book-1 §11.1 Concept of New and Renewable Energy (Concept of renewable energy) — The book lists renewables as wind, solar, geothermal, tidal, bio-energy and hydro, and notes that fossil AND nuclear fuels are ‘stocks of energy’, not flows. Bagasse and rice husk are solid biomass (§11.6) and wind is a flow. Nuclear is therefore the non-renewable one — answer c.
Chapter: New & Renewable Energy
📖 §1.5 Global Primary Energy Reserves — unconventional oil

3. What is shale Oil?

  1. Sedimentary rock containing solid bituminous materials
  2. Heavy black viscous oil combination of clay, sand, water and bitumen
  3. A form of naturally compressed peat
  4. combustible brownish-black sedimentary rock
Answer: A) Sedimentary rock containing solid bituminous materials
Confirmed vs Book-1 §1.5 — 'Oil shale generally refers to any sedimentary rock that contains solid bituminous materials (called kerogen) that are released as petroleum-like liquids when the rock is heated…' Option (b) is the book's definition of oil (tar) sands — a combination of clay, sand, water and bitumen — which is the tempting distractor.
Chapter: Energy Scenario
📖 §1.5 / §1.7 fuel calorific values (energy content)

4. Which of the following has the lowest energy content in terms of MJ/kg

  1. LPG
  2. Diesel
  3. Bagasse
  4. Furnace oil
Answer: C) Bagasse
Confirmed — bagasse is a wet biomass residue with roughly 2,200–2,500 kcal/kg (about 9–10 MJ/kg), far below LPG (~45 MJ/kg), diesel (~42 MJ/kg) and furnace oil (~40 MJ/kg). Its moisture content is what drags the energy content down, so bagasse has the lowest MJ/kg.
Chapter: Energy Scenario
📖 §1.7 Indian Energy Scenario — Natural Gas Sector

5. _________ and _______ consume major share of Natural Gas consumption in Indi

  1. Domestic sector and Transport sector
  2. Transport sector and Fertilizer Industry
  3. Power Generation and Fertilizer Industries
  4. Domestic Sector and Fertilizer Industries
Answer: C) Power Generation and Fertilizer Industries
Confirmed vs Book-1 §1.7 (option (a) repaired — the label 'a)' was printed twice) — the book states 'Power generation and fertiliser industry dominate the natural gas consumption at 62%.' Domestic and transport (CNG) use is only an emerging application, so options naming the domestic or transport sector are wrong.
Chapter: Energy Scenario
📖 §3.1 Energy forms — background from Book-1 Ch.1 Energy Scenario

6. The sector consuming major share of energy in India

  1. Agriculture Sector
  2. Transport Sector
  3. Industrial Sector
  4. Domestic Sector
Answer: C) Industrial Sector
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.1 — Industry is the largest energy-consuming sector in India, accounting for roughly half of commercial energy use - ahead of transport, domestic and agriculture.
Chapter: Basics of Energy & Its Forms
📖 § 2.3.6 DC thresholds / PAT sector break-up

7. Which of the following designated consumer has the lowest energy intensity?

  1. Aluminium
  2. Iron and Steel
  3. Cement
  4. Chlor alkali
Answer: A) Aluminium
Confirmed vs Book-1 §2.3.6 — The book's yardstick is the notified annual-consumption threshold: Aluminium 7,500 MTOE/yr is the lowest of the four options (Chlor-Alkali 12,000; Cement and Iron & Steel 30,000 each), and Aluminium also has the fewest DCs under PAT (10). So among the choices offered Aluminium is the intended answer.
Chapter: Energy Conservation Act
📖 §1.13 Electricity Pricing in India — demand side management

8. Which of the following is not a Demand Side Management measure?

  1. Implementing Time of the Day (ToD) Electricity Tariff
  2. Maximizing fossil fuel based energy utilization
  3. Replacement of inefficient electrical appliances
  4. Use of ice bank system
Answer: B) Maximizing fossil fuel based energy utilization
Confirmed — DSM measures act on the demand side: ToD tariffs shift load off the peak, efficient appliances cut consumption, and an ice-bank system stores cooling off-peak. Maximising fossil-fuel based energy utilisation increases supply-side generation and consumption, so it is not a DSM measure.
Chapter: Energy Scenario
📖 § 2.3.6 DC thresholds

9. Which of the following does not meet the Designated Consumer criteria?

  1. Pulp and Paper Industries with minimum annual energy consumption of 30,000 TOE.
  2. Cement Industries with minimum annual energy consumption of 30,000 TOE.
  3. Chlor- Alkali Industries with minimum annual energy consumption of 7500 TOE.
  4. Textile Industries with minimum annual energy consumption of 3000 TOE.
Answer: C) Chlor- Alkali Industries with minimum annual energy consumption of 7500 TOE.
Confirmed vs Book-1 §2.3.6 — Chlor-Alkali's notified threshold is 12,000 MTOE/yr, not 7,500 — 7,500 belongs to Aluminium, which is why (c) is the odd statement. The other three quote the book correctly: Pulp & Paper 30,000, Cement 30,000, Textile 3,000 MTOE/yr.
Chapter: Energy Conservation Act
📖 §3.3 Motor loads & motor loading — Examples 3.8 / 3.9 (nameplate kW = OUTPUT)

10. The kW or HP of a motor given on the name plate indicates

  1. The shaft output of the motor at part load
  2. The shaft output of the motor at full load
  3. The input power to the motor at the best efficiency point
  4. The input power to the motor at any load
Answer: B) The shaft output of the motor at full load
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.3 — Book-1 §3.3 Motor loading calculation: 'The name plate details of motor, kW or HP indicates the output of the motor at full load.' The volt/amp/PF on the plate are the input conditions at that full load.
Chapter: Basics of Energy & Its Forms
📖 §3.4 Specific heat — Table 3.1 Specific heat of common substances

11. Which of the following has the highest Specific Heat?

  1. Steel
  2. Aluminium
  3. Copper
  4. Water
Answer: D) Water
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.4 — Book-1 Table 3.1: water 4200 J/kg degC, aluminium 910, iron 470, copper 390. 'The specific heat of water is very high as compared to other common substances.'
Chapter: Basics of Energy & Its Forms
📖 §3.4 Heat transfer — conduction, convection, radiation (rate in Watts)

12. Heat transfer in an air cooled condenser occurs predominantly by

  1. conduction
  2. convection
  3. radiation
  4. none of the above
Answer: B) convection
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.4 — In an air-cooled condenser the hot refrigerant/vapour gives up heat to air moving over the finned tubes; the fluid motion carries the heat away, i.e. (forced) convection is the predominant mode.
Chapter: Basics of Energy & Its Forms
📖 §4.2 Energy Audit Definition (EC Act 2001)

13. Definition of Energy Audit as per EC Act does not include:

  1. Creation of an Energy Management System (EnMS)
  2. evaluation of Techno-economics
  3. Verification, monitoring and analysis of energy use
  4. Action plan required for energy saving
Answer: A) Creation of an Energy Management System (EnMS)
Confirmed vs Book-1 §4.2 — The EC Act 2001 definition quoted in §4.2 covers verification, monitoring and analysis of energy use, a technical report with recommendations and COST-BENEFIT (techno-economic) analysis, and an action plan to reduce energy consumption — options (b), (c) and (d). Creating an Energy Management System (EnMS/ISO 50001) is nowhere in that statutory definition.
Chapter: Energy Management & Audit
📖 §4.1 Energy management (EnMS standard; ISO 50001 detail in Book-1 Ch6)

14. The ISO standard for Energy Management System is

  1. ISO 14001
  2. ISO 50001
  3. ISO 9001
  4. ISO 18001
Answer: B) ISO 50001
Confirmed vs Book-1 §4.1 — ISO 50001 is the international standard for an Energy Management System, giving the plan-do-check-act framework for energy policy, targets and review. ISO 14001 is environmental management, ISO 9001 quality management and ISO 18001 (OHSAS) occupational health and safety.
Chapter: Energy Management & Audit
📖 § 2.3.6 DC obligations / Sec 14(l),(m)

15. As per Energy Conservation Act, 2001 appointment of BEE Certified Energy Manger is mandatory for

  1. all State designated agencies
  2. all large Industrial consumers
  3. all designated consumers
  4. all commercial buildings
Answer: C) all designated consumers
Confirmed vs Book-1 §2.3.6 — The obligation to designate or appoint an energy manager with prescribed qualifications attaches to DESIGNATED CONSUMERS (Sec 14(l) read with Sec 14(m)). Being merely large, being a commercial building or being an SDA does not by itself trigger the requirement.
Chapter: Energy Conservation Act
📖 §7.3 Financial Analysis Techniques — Simple Payback Period

16. A waste heat recovery system requires Rs. 50 lakhs investment and Rs. 2 lakhs per year to operate and maintain. If the annual savings is Rs. 22 lakhs, the payback period will be

  1. 2.28 years
  2. 2.5 years
  3. 3 years
  4. 10 years
Answer: B) 2.5 years
Confirmed vs Book-1 §7.3 — Annual net savings = 22 - 2 = Rs.20 lakh/yr. Simple payback = 50 / 20 = 2.5 years. (50/22 = 2.28 yr is the trap that forgets O&M.)
Chapter: Financial Management
📖 §3.4 Sensible heat — Q = m · Cp · ΔT

17. What is the heat content of 200 litres of water at 50 °C in terms of the basic unit of energy in kilo Joules (kJ)?

  1. 30000
  2. 23880
  3. 10000
  4. none of the above (BEE awarded 1 mark to every candidate attempting this question)
Answer: D) Note: 1 Mark is awarded to all candidate who have attempted this question.
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.4 — Q = m·Cp·dT = 200 kg x 4.187 kJ/kg degC x 50 degC = 41,870 kJ, which is not among options (a)-(c). BEE therefore awarded 1 mark to every candidate who attempted this question; the correct value is 'none of the above'.
Chapter: Basics of Energy & Its Forms
📖 §3.4 Temperature — Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin scales

18. Which of the following is used for non-contact measurement of temperature

  1. Thermocouples
  2. Infrared Thermometer
  3. Leaf type contact probe
  4. All of the above
Answer: B) Infrared Thermometer
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.4 — An infrared (radiation) thermometer senses emitted thermal radiation and therefore needs no contact. Thermocouples and leaf-type contact probes both require physical contact with the surface.
Chapter: Basics of Energy & Its Forms
📖 §6.4 Energy Policy and Planning - Force Field Analysis

19. The force field analysis in energy action planning considers

  1. Positive forces only
  2. negative forces only
  3. Both negative and positive forces
  4. no forces
Answer: C) Both negative and positive forces
Confirmed vs Book-1 §6.4 Energy Policy and Planning — The guidebook defines force field analysis as identifying the barriers (negative forces) and the positive influences (positive forces) around a goal, estimating the relative strength of each, and then prioritising them. Options (a) and (b) are wrong because analysing only one side would give no insight into the change process.
Chapter: Energy Action Planning
📖 §7.3 Financial Analysis Techniques — Return on Investment (ROI)

20. For investment decision, ROI must always be _____ prevailing interest rate.

  1. Lower than
  2. Higher than
  3. Equal to
  4. No relation
Answer: B) Higher than
Confirmed vs Book-1 §7.3 — Book: 'ROI must always be higher than cost of money (interest rate) so as to make the project attractive.' Only then does the project earn more than the funds cost.
Chapter: Financial Management
📖 §9.6 XY Scatter Diagram (Fig 9.10)

21. Large scattering on production versus energy consumption trend line indicates

  1. Poor process control
  2. Inefficient equipment
  3. Inefficient process
  4. None of the above
Answer: A) Poor process control
Confirmed vs Book-1 §9.6 — 'If data fit is poor, it indicates poor level of control and hence a scope for energy savings.' Large scatter about the production-vs-energy trend line therefore signals poor process control (and high savings potential), not necessarily inefficient equipment. Answer (a).
Chapter: Energy Monitoring & Targeting
📖 § Acts/Rules list — BEE (Manner and Intervals of Time for Conduct of Energy Audit) Regulations, 2010

22. Frequency of energy audit for designated consumers is______

  1. once in a year
  2. once in two years
  3. once in three years
  4. Once in five years
Answer: C) once in three years
Confirmed vs Book-1 §2.7 (Acts/Rules list) — The interval for a designated consumer's mandatory energy audit is fixed under the BEE (Manner and Intervals of Time for Conduct of Energy Audit) Regulations, 2010 — listed in the chapter's table of Acts, Rules and Regulations — and is once in three years. (The chapter lists the regulation but does not reprint the interval; three years is the notified value.)
Chapter: Energy Conservation Act
📖 §11.5 Wind Energy (Yaw Control)

23. The rotor axis is aligned with the wind direction in a wind mill by ________ control

  1. yaw
  2. pitch
  3. disc break
  4. all of the above
Answer: A) yaw
Confirmed vs Book-1 §11.5 Wind Energy (Yaw Control) — Book: ‘It is necessary for rotor axis to be aligned with wind direction … sensors activate the yaw control motor, which rotates the nacelle and rotor assembly until turbine is properly aligned.’ Pitch control changes blade angle to regulate power; the disc brake only slows the rotor. Answer a.
Chapter: New & Renewable Energy
📖 §11.6 Biomass Energy (Gasification of Biomass)

24. Producer gas basically comprises of

  1. CO, H2 and CH4
  2. Only CH4
  3. CO and CH4
  4. Only CO and H2
Answer: A) CO, H2 and CH4
Confirmed vs Book-1 §11.6 Biomass Energy (Gasification of Biomass) — Book: ‘The products of combustion are combustible gases like Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrogen (H₂) and traces of Methane (CH₄)’. Typical producer-gas composition given is CO = 19±3%, H₂ = 18±2%, CH₄ = 3±1%, CO₂ = 10±3%, N₂ = 50±2%. Answer a (CO, H₂ and CH₄).
Chapter: New & Renewable Energy
📖 §11.4 Solar Electrical Energy (Power Towers)

25. In a solar thermal power station Molten salt is preferred as it provides an efficient low cost medium to store ______ energy

  1. Electrical
  2. Thermal
  3. Kinetic
  4. Potential
Answer: B) Thermal
Confirmed vs Book-1 §11.4 Solar Electrical Energy (Power Towers) — Book: ‘Molten salt is a mixture of 60% sodium nitrate and 40% potassium nitrate. It is preferred as it provides an efficient low-cost medium to store thermal energy’. Salt is heated to 566°C in the central receiver and returns at 288°C — a sensible-heat (thermal) store. Answer b.
Chapter: New & Renewable Energy
📖 §3.3 Motor loads & motor loading — Examples 3.8 / 3.9 (nameplate kW = OUTPUT)

26. From Voltage, Amps and Power factor given in the name plate of a motor, one can calculate ________.

  1. Rated output power
  2. Shaft power
  3. Rated input power
  4. Both (b) & (c)
Answer: C) Rated input power
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.3 — Book-1 §3.3: nameplate V, A and PF are the INPUT conditions at full load, so rated input power = sqrt3 x V x I x PF (3-phase). The nameplate kW/HP separately gives the output (shaft) power.
Chapter: Basics of Energy & Its Forms
📖 §4.12 Energy audit instruments — Speed Measurements

27. RPM of an electric motor is measured using ___.

  1. Ultrasonic meter
  2. Stroboscope
  3. Lux meter
  4. Rotameter
Answer: B) Stroboscope
Confirmed vs Book-1 §4.12 — Book §4.12: the stroboscope is the non-contact instrument used for RPM measurement, which is why it is preferred on running motors where contact is unsafe. An ultrasonic meter measures flow, a lux meter illumination and a rotameter (variable-area meter) liquid/gas flow rate.
Chapter: Energy Management & Audit
📖 §7.4 Cash Flow — Capital Investment Considerations

28. If asset depreciation is considered, then net operating cash inflow would be

  1. lower
  2. higher
  3. no effect
  4. none of the above
Answer: B) higher
Corrected (was a) — Book-1 §7.4: Book, Section 7.4: net operating cash inflows are the annual benefits 'after adjusting for applicable taxes and effects of depreciation'; and the depreciation box states that tax law permits depreciation allowances as 'reasonable deductions from TAXABLE INCOME'. Depreciation is a NON-CASH charge, so it does not reduce cash; it only lowers taxable income and hence tax paid. The tax saved (depreciation x tax rate) is retained, so the net operating cash inflow becomes HIGHER. The book confirms depreciation is a benefit: a true lease gives 'no depreciation TAX BENEFITS', and with an ESCO 'the tax benefits of depreciation ... must be negotiated'.
Chapter: Financial Management
📖 Book-1 Ch.6 Financial Management — project appraisal (outside Ch-3 text)

29. Which of the following comes under Capital cost in a project?

  1. Design cost
  2. Installation cost
  3. Commissioning cost
  4. All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Confirmed vs Book-1 Ch.3 — Capital cost of an energy project covers the one-time costs of design, supply, installation and commissioning; operating and maintenance costs are recurring (revenue) costs.
Chapter: Basics of Energy & Its Forms
📖 §1.11 Energy Intensity on Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)

30. Energy consumption per GDP is termed as ___.

  1. Energy factor
  2. Energy intensity
  3. Energy Efficiency index
  4. All of the above
Answer: B) Energy intensity
Confirmed vs Book-1 §1.11 — energy consumption per unit of GDP is defined in the book as energy intensity. 'Energy efficiency index' benchmarks a specific process or product against a reference, not the whole economy against GDP, so it is not the term asked for.
Chapter: Energy Scenario
📖 §3.3 Motor loads & motor loading — Examples 3.8 / 3.9 (nameplate kW = OUTPUT)

31. A three phase induction motor is drawing 10 Ampere at 440 Volts. If the operating power factor of the motor is 0.9 and the efficiency of the motor is 95%, then the mechanical shaft power of the motor is

  1. 3.76 KW
  2. 4.18 KW
  3. 6.51 KW
  4. 7.21 KW
Answer: C) 6.51 KW
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.3 — Input power = sqrt3 x V x I x PF = 1.732 x 440 x 10 x 0.9 = 6859 W = 6.86 kW. Shaft (mechanical) output = input x efficiency = 6.86 x 0.95 = 6.51 kW.
Chapter: Basics of Energy & Its Forms
📖 §8.3 Float or Slack — numerical

32. For an activity in a project, Latest start time is 8 weeks and Latest finish time is 12 weeks. If the earliest finish time is 9 weeks, Slack time for the activity is ____.

  1. 3 weeks
  2. 4 weeks
  3. 1 week
  4. none of the above
Answer: A) 3 weeks
Confirmed vs Book-1 §8.3 — Duration t = LF − LS = 12 − 8 = 4 weeks. Given EF = 9, ES = EF − t = 9 − 4 = 5 weeks. Float = LS − ES = 8 − 5 = 3 weeks, and the cross-check LF − EF = 12 − 9 = 3 weeks agrees. Option (a) 3 weeks.
Chapter: Project Management
📖 §3.4 Fuels & combustion — see also Book-1 Ch.4 / Book-2 Ch.1 Fuels and Combustion

33. The amount of CO2 produced in complete combustion of 18 Kg of Carbon is ______.

  1. 50
  2. 44
  3. 66
  4. 792
Answer: C) 66
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.4 — C + O2 -> CO2: 12 kg carbon gives 44 kg CO2. For 18 kg carbon: CO2 = 18 x 44/12 = 66 kg. Book-1 Ch.3, Fuels & combustion — see also Book-1 Ch.4 / Book-2 Ch.1 Fuels and Combustion.
Chapter: Basics of Energy & Its Forms
📖 §3.4 Heat transfer — conduction, convection, radiation (rate in Watts)

34. Which mode of heat transfer does not require medium?

  1. Natural convection
  2. Forced convection
  3. Radiation
  4. Conduction
Answer: C) Radiation
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.4 — Book-1 §3.4: 'Radiation mode heat transfer requires no medium for the transport of heat.' Conduction needs a solid and convection needs a fluid.
Chapter: Basics of Energy & Its Forms
📖 §9.6 Linear Regression — E = C + M·P

35. If the fixed energy consumption of a company is 2000 kWh per month and the line slope of the energy (y) versus production (x) chart is 0.3, then the energy consumed in kWh per month for a production level of 60,000 tons/month is _______.

  1. 16,000 KWh
  2. 18,000 KWh
  3. 22,000 KWh
  4. none of the above
Answer: D) none of the above
Confirmed vs Book-1 §9.6 — E = 0.3 × 60,000 + 2,000 = 18,000 + 2,000 = 20,000 kWh/month. 20,000 kWh is not among options (a)-(c) (18,000 is the variable part only), so the correct choice is 'none of the above'. Answer (d).
Chapter: Energy Monitoring & Targeting
📖 §7.3 Comparison between Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return

36. Which technique takes care of time value of money in evaluation?

  1. payback period
  2. IRR
  3. NPV
  4. Both (b) & (c)
Answer: D) Both (b) & (c)
Confirmed vs Book-1 §7.3 — Book: both NPV and IRR are discounted cash-flow methods whose stated advantage is 'It takes into account the time value of money.' The word 'simple' in simple payback denotes that time value of money is NOT considered, so the answer is both (b) and (c).
Chapter: Financial Management
📖 §3.5 MTOE conversions — 1 toe = 10⁷ kcal, 1 kWh = 860 kcal

37. The heat rate of a power plant is expressed as

  1. kWh/kg of steam
  2. kCal/kWh
  3. kg of steam / kg of fuel
  4. kWh / kVA
Answer: B) kCal/kWh
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.5 — Heat rate is the heat input required per unit of electricity generated, expressed in kcal/kWh (or kJ/kWh). It is the inverse of plant efficiency: eta = 860/heat rate.
Chapter: Basics of Energy & Its Forms
📖 § 2.3.2 S&L — mandatory vs voluntary equipment

38. Which equipment does not come under mandatory labelling program?

  1. Room Air conditioners
  2. Frost free refrigerator
  3. Induction motors
  4. Distribution transformer
Answer: C) Induction motors
Confirmed vs Book-1 §2.3.2 — Only four items became mandatory under S&L from 7 January 2010: household frost-free refrigerators, room air conditioners, tubular fluorescent lamps and distribution transformers (up to 200 kVA). Induction motors appear in the VOLUNTARY labelling list, so they are the exception here.
Chapter: Energy Conservation Act
📖 §11.5 Wind Energy (Cut-out Speed / Furling Speed)

39. Furling speed of wind turbine indicates ____

  1. Cut out speed
  2. Cut in speed
  3. Rated speed
  4. None of the above
Answer: A) Cut out speed
Confirmed vs Book-1 §11.5 Wind Energy (Cut-out Speed / Furling Speed) — Book: ‘The wind speed at which shut down occurs is called the cut-out speed. Cut-out speed is also known as furling speed’ (about 20–30 m/s). Cut-in speed (~5 m/s) is where useful power starts; rated speed is where rated power is first reached. Answer a.
Chapter: New & Renewable Energy
📖 §3.1 Energy forms — background from Book-1 Ch.1 Energy Scenario

40. One Silicon cell in a PV module typically produces

  1. 0.5 V
  2. 1 V
  3. 2 V
  4. 12 V
Answer: A) 0.5 V
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.1 — A single crystalline/multi-crystalline silicon solar cell develops an open-circuit voltage of about 0.5-0.6 V; cells are series-connected in a module to reach usable voltages (e.g. 36 cells for a 12 V module).
Chapter: Basics of Energy & Its Forms
📖 §11.8 Fuel Cell (Fuel Cell)

41. The input to a fuel cell is.

  1. Electricity
  2. Hydrogen
  3. Oxygen
  4. All of the above
Answer: B) Hydrogen
Confirmed vs Book-1 §11.8 Fuel Cell (Fuel Cell) — Book opens §11.8 with: ‘Input to a Fuel Cell is hydrogen. Hydrogen combines with oxygen to produce electricity … with water and heat as by-products.’ Oxygen is the oxidant at the cathode, not the fuel input; electricity is the output. Answer b.
Chapter: New & Renewable Energy
📖 Book-1 Ch.4 Energy Management & Audit — benchmarking / monitoring (outside Ch-3 text)

42. The production factor is defined as the ratio of

  1. current year production to the reference year production
  2. current year production to the reference month production
  3. reference month production to the current month production
  4. reference year production to the current year production
Answer: A) current year production to the reference year production
Confirmed vs Book-1 Ch.3 — Production factor = current year (or period) production / reference year production. It is used to normalise energy consumption to the reference-year output when computing specific energy consumption.
Chapter: Basics of Energy & Its Forms
📖 §3.3 Power factor — power triangle kW/kVA/kVAr, PF = cosθ

43. To reduce the distribution losses within a plant, the capacitors should be located

  1. Closest to the load
  2. Farthest from the load
  3. In the substation
  4. Before the billing meter
Answer: A) Closest to the load
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.3 — Capacitors installed closest to the inductive load supply the reactive current locally, so the reactive current no longer flows through the plant cables and transformer - which minimises I²R distribution losses.
Chapter: Basics of Energy & Its Forms
📖 §3.4 Pressure — absolute, gauge, atmospheric; 1 atm = 1.01325 bar

44. Absolute pressure is measured as

  1. Gauge pressure – Atmospheric pressure
  2. Gauge pressure + Atmospheric pressure
  3. Gauge pressure / Atmospheric pressure
  4. none of the above
Answer: B) Gauge pressure + Atmospheric pressure
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.4 — Book-1 §3.4: gauge pressure pg = ps - pa, hence absolute pressure ps = gauge + atmospheric. All gas-law calculations must use absolute pressure.
Chapter: Basics of Energy & Its Forms
📖 §3.4 Steam properties — superheat and dryness fraction (x)

45. The dryness (x) fraction of superheated steam is taken as

  1. x= 0
  2. x= 0.9
  3. x= 0.87
  4. x= 1
Answer: D) x= 1
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.4 — Book-1 §3.4 (T-S diagram): x is the dryness fraction, the mass of steam in 1 kg of the water-steam mixture. Dry saturated and superheated steam contain no moisture, so x = 1 (the region to the right of the x = 1 line is superheated steam).
Chapter: Basics of Energy & Its Forms
📖 §3.4 Humidity — RH, specific humidity, DBT, WBT and dew point

46. When the evaporation of water from a wet substance is zero, the relative humidity of the air is likely to be

  1. 0%
  2. 100%
  3. 50%
  4. unpredictable
Answer: B) 100%
Confirmed vs Book-1 §3.4 — Evaporation stops when the air can hold no more moisture, i.e. when it is saturated - relative humidity = 100%. At that condition dew-point, wet-bulb and dry-bulb temperatures are equal.
Chapter: Basics of Energy & Its Forms
📖 §11.3 Solar Thermal Energy (Solar Flat Plate Collector)

47. Which of the following type of collector is used for low temperature systems?

  1. Flat plate collector
  2. Line focusing parabolic collector
  3. Parabolic trough collector
  4. None of the above
Answer: A) Flat plate collector
Confirmed vs Book-1 §11.3 Solar Thermal Energy (Solar Flat Plate Collector) — Book: ‘Flat-plate collectors heat the circulating fluid to a temperature of about 40–60°C’ — a low-temperature system. Line-focusing / parabolic trough concentrators reach about 400°C and are used for high-temperature power generation. Answer a.
Chapter: New & Renewable Energy